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Marjani Shihab Ad-din
01/16/1818
Marjani was a philosopher, historian, religious reformer and educator. But even these definitions cannot embrace all sides of his many-sided activity. Marjani was as well an ethnographer, archeologist, orientalist and teacher. His wide outlook can be compared with the broad knowledge of the French educators of XVIII century: Diderot and Russo.
Shihab ad-din Marjani was born on January 16, 1818 in the village of Yabynchi, now Atninsky district of Tatarstan. His life can be conditionally divided into two stages: religious-reformatory (70th years of XIX century) and educational (70-80th years of XIX century).
Ancestors of Marjani's father and mother belonged to the families of well-known imams. Both his grandfathers and father, being well-educated people, having extensive knowledge of the east history, philosophy, religion, managed to impart young Shihab to aspiration to the doctrine and knowledge.
On the tradition existing in the Tatar society, in 1838 he went to Bukhara to continue his education. In Bukhara Marjani raised a question for teachers on the necessity of reform in madrase (religious school).
In 1843 Marjani went to Samarkand, and studied in madrase 'Shirdar'.
In 1845 Marjani was in Bukhara. He began to seriously study the culture, history, philosophy of the East.
In 1849 Marjani came to Kazan. On March 30, 1950, the Spiritual Assembly of Moslems issued the decree about the appointment of Marjani as imam-mudaris (imam teacher) of the 1st Kazan Mosque. Marjani had a purpose: to transform, reform the consciousness of Moslems in the spirit of New time, he called to come back for primary sources of the Moslem doctrine - to the Koran.
In 1867-1868 years the Spiritual Assembly of Moslems of the Volga region and Ural region appointed Marjani as Ahun and Muhtasib of Kazan (one of the most honorable religious posts of the region).
In the second part of his life the educational tendencies in Marjani's outlook began to prevail above the religious-reformatory ones. His views changed towards the educational ideology.
In 70-80s of XIX century Marjani had close acquaintance with the Russian culture. Marjani was elected in the Society of Archeology, History and Ethnography at the Kazan university - he was the first among Muslim scientists; and actively participated in its activity.
In 80th years of XIX century Marjani's scientific activity extended, with philosophical and historical disciplines on the foreground. In this period Marjani worked on the hand-written bio-bibliographic dictionary ("Detailed about predecessors and their greeting to descendants") which included 6057 biographies of scientists, writers, philosophers.
Proving the continuity of the cultures of Volga Bolgaria and Kazan Khanate, Marjani called the Tatar people for mastering the cultural heritage, thus awakening the national consciousness of the Tatar people.
The outlook of Marjani, which had united the religious reforms and enlightenment, reflected the dialectics of the development of this period in the history of the Tatar society. |
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