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Ulyanov Vladimir
Lenin (Ulyanov) Vladimir Iliych (pseudonyms: V. Iliyn, K. Tulin, Karpov and others) was born in Simbirsk (today - Ulyanovsk). He was born in the family of an inspector of people's secondary schools. In 1887 Lenin finished gymnasium and entered the law department of Kazan University. He was arrested for the participation in the students revolutionary movement in December 1887, dismissed from the University and exiled to the village of Kokushkino, Kazan gubernia. In October 1888 Lenin returned to Kazan, where he entered Marxists' group. In 1889 Lenin moved to Samara. In 1891 Lenin took an external degree in law at Petersburg University and started working as an assistant of juror attorney in Samara. In August 1893 he moved to St. Petersburg.
In autumn 1895 Lenin created the 'Union of struggle for liberation of working class'. In the beginning of December 1895 he was arrested and in February 1897 was exiled for three years in the village of Shushenskoye, Yeseninskaya gubernia. In 1900 Lenin went abroad where he and G.N. Plekhanov started to publish a newspaper 'Iskra'. In 1903 at the second congress of Russian Social Democratic Party of Workers under the leadership of Lenin Bolshevists' party - a Marxist Party of a new type was created. Lenin formulated its ideological and organizational principles in his works 'What to do?' and 'One step forward, two steps back'1902-1904.
In the time of the Revolution of 1905-1907 Lenin developed the idea of proletariat hegemony in bourgeois-democratic revolution and its turning into socialistic revolution. In the beginning of November 1905 Lenin came to St. Petersburg to lead revolutionary struggle.In January 1912 Lenin was at the head of the 6th (Prague) all-Russian conference of Russian Social Democratic Party. In June 1912 Lenin moved from Paris to Krakow and directed the newspaper 'Pravda'. Marxist program on national matter was developed in that period.
In the end of July 1914 Lenin was arrested by Austrian police, but soon he was released and went off to Switzerland. During the First World War Lenin advanced a slogan of turning the imperialistic war into civil.
On April 3, after the February revolution, Lenin came back to Petrograd. In the April Thesis Lenin advanced the course to the winning of social revolution, accepted at the 7th (April 1917) all-Russian conference of Russian Social Democratic Party (Bolshivists'). In the beginning of October 1917 Lenin illegally moved to Petrograd. On October 10 (23) at the conference of the Central Committee of Russian Social Democratic Party Lenin's resolution on armed rising was adopted.
On October 24(November 6), in the evening, Lenin came to Smolny and headed the October rising. On the second all-Russian conference of Soviets he was elected the chairman of the Council of people's commissars. On Lenin's proposal on March 3, 1918 Brest peace treatment was assigned by Russia and Germany. On March 11 Lenin together with the Central Committee of the Party and the Soviet Government. |
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